videos for presentation

A Day in the Life of Black Men
http://sjnnchicago.org/a-day-in-the-life-of-black-men-microaggressions-a-subtle-form-of-racism/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-colleges-microaggressions-20151112-story.html

Chicago Travel Overview

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2naCXlFUsY

The Great Chicago Fire (1871)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQ9u-qJzmbk

Haymarket Riot (1886)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUNEqKRd4SA

When Chicago's Black Neighborhood Fought back (1940-1970)
http://billmoyers.com/2014/05/22/when-chicago%E2%80%99s-black-neighborhoods-fought-back/

School to Prison Pipeline (Restore Justice)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DTPSe9Wk7w

Education Reform (1990s)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jw8e4Zj4omo

Chicago Public Schools budget cut (2014)
http://abc7chicago.com/politics/cps-teachers-parents-protest-1400-layoffs-$200m-in-cuts/823307/

2000-2010 Immigration

From 1990 to 2000, Chicago's population has grown by 537,000.  In 2000 the Chicago's population was 2.89 million people, with 1.4 million immigrants. Of those immigrants, Mexican, Polish and Indian immigrants make up 56% of the immigrant population. The African American population at this time however was leaving Chicago at a rapid pace, this is opening up places were more immigrants can settle. Also the increase of population moving to the suburbs opens up more inexpensive housing which attracted more and more immigrants. The 2000 census found more immigrants in the suburban portions of metropolitan Chicago than in the city of Chicago itself.

2000-2010

Unemployment rate: 6.4% (February 2005) 
The cost of living in Chicago is higher than the national average: 2004 (3rd Quarter) ACCRA Cost of Living Index: 130.4 (U.S. average = 100.0)

Immigrants from Mexico now account for nearly half the city's foreign-born population, for example, yet Chicago also remains one of the foremost U.S. gateways for workers and families from Eastern Europe. 

 Annual household incomes for blacks trail those for whites by more than $20,000.

And families with children face particular challenges—more than a third live below or near the poverty line, and more than one in five Chicago children live in a family with no adult workers

1990's

*Early 1990's, gangs ruled the projects.
*1992, 943 murders, and there was less than 3 million residents in the city.
*Decline in the overall crime in the 1990's.

2000-2010

• many neighborhoods are changing in the Chicago area, especially Lincoln Park and Lake View

http://www.chicagomag.com/real-estate/November-2013/Here-Are-Five-Ways-Chicago-Neighborhoods-Have-Changed-in-the-2000s/

• Socioeconomics of families in Chicago (April 2008)

http://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/35654/Soc_Econ_Trends_Latino_Population_Growth.pdf/23db9627-584e-452a-9e02-75ebe419dc9a

• Chicago's community public health assessment (2012-2016)

http://www.cityofchicago.org/dam/city/depts/cdph/policy_planning/CDPHChicagoPlan20122016FINAL.pdf

1950s-1980s

-Chicago's ghettos in the 1960s were notorious for their shootings, robberies, rapes, fires, joblessness, single-parent families, dreadful schools and high dropout rates, rampant alcoholism and heroin addiction, abandoned buildings and vacant lots.

-1950s: In the course of little more than a decade, at least 9,000 families are displaced as the Chicago area’s major expressways are built.

-

1950's-1980's

By 1960 Chicago's black population reached over 800,000, almost a quarter of the total-up from 14 percent just 10 years earlier. In black neighborhoods schools were overcrowded, with many on double shifts. Class sizes were smaller in white schools than in black ones, even though more new buildings had been erected for black students.  The Catholic school enrollments grew by nearly 30 percent in the city and nearly tripled in the suburbs. Most of these students were white students whose parents did not want their children in schools with the growing population of African Americans and other races. Under the leadership of George Cardinal Mundelein and Samuel Cardinal Stritch, parishes scrambled to build schools to meet the demand, particularly for high schools. By the early fifties, nearly 200,000 students attended Catholic schools, about 70 percent of them in the city, most of the students being white. The loss of white students from the Chicago Public Schools can be explained partially by “white flight” from the city to suburban communities; but it also reflected a shift to private and parochial school education for many whites. In 1963 school superintendent Benjamin Willis rejected calls for desegregation, and the portable classrooms added to black schools were derisively labeled “Willis Wagons.” In 1963 massive demonstrations were staged by students and parents to protest Willis's policies. Public outcries intensified in the wake of commissioned reports recommending dramatic steps to redress educational inequality. Threats by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to withhold federal funds until a desegregation plan was developed were thwarted by Mayor Richard J. Daley's intervention. Then Willis's term ended in 1966, James Redmond, his successor, attempted to develop integration plans that would send black students to predominantly white schools. Hostile demonstrations greeted such efforts on the city's Northwest and Southwest Sides. Redmond and other school leaders found themselves hampered by board members and local politicians reluctant to anger whites opposed to integration.  Showing serious strains on the racial situation in Chicago during the height of the Civil rights movement.

1950-1980

• Chicago was a popular destination for blacks moving from the South to the North in the early 20th century
• from 1890-1910 Chicago's African American population 15,000-40,000 due to the Great Migration
• Great Migration was was between 1915-1970 six million African Americans left their homes in the South and moved to the North, specifically Chicago
• African American Chicago residents mostly moved to the South side neighborhood, due to discriminatory real estate practices and threats of violence
• neighborhoods were very segregated  
• South Side became known as the "Black Belt"

http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/slamdunks/raisin/Housing_Segregation_1950s_Chicago.pdf

1900s

-creation of International Harvester from these companies in 1902 capped Chicago's leading position in this industry.

1950s
-economy experienced competition with Detroit
- building of the interstate highway system in the 1950s and 1960s helped the area's economy initially, because the first expressways paralleled existing forms of transportation and reinforced older metropolitan areas. 
-Although the area's industrial economy remained strong, the city's did not. Companies closed aging factories in the city and shifted work to new suburban plants
-As jobs became more plentiful outside the city, people migrating to the Chicago area often settled in the suburbs, bypassing the city entirely. This was only true, however, if the migrants were white; because of discrimination, African Americans were restricted to the city.

1900-1920

*Chicago continued to expand, reaching a population of 2.2 million (not including suburbs) by 1910.

*The railway was still being expanded. In 1900, there was 34.8 miles of railway and by 1914, there was 70.3 miles. Chicago's "L" (the Loop) was the third longest metropolitan railway in the world.
*Chicago's modern street numbering system was established in 1909.
* In 1919, the Chicago Race Riots broke out. 38 people died. Occurred because an African American teenagers went to a white beach (beaches were segregated) and wouldn't leave, so the white beach-goers stoned him until he drowned. The police refused to arrest the men who stoned him.

1900-1920

Lincoln Park Expands
built in 1903
one of the major landmarks in Chicago (cemetery)
people took pride in being buried here
Chicago Schools
region first schools were built in the 1830s
they focused on math, writing, and language but also on citizenship and good behavior
addressed problems of social and economic inequality
tried to Americanize immigrant students

http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1124.html

Chicago 1800s

in 1832 the Black Hawk War ended the Native American resistance in Chicago
Chicago was then incorporated as a town in 1833 and as a city in 1837 when the population reached 4000
1848 got its first telegraph and railroad
in 1854 the city was the world's largest grain port and held more than 30,000 residents
*1795- Treaty of Greenville- A treaty of peace between the US and Indian tribes.

http://www.history.com/topics/chicago

Pre- Colonial Times

The Great Chicago Fire- 1863
most famous fire in US history
winds and dry weather caused 3.5 square miles to burn to shreds destroying 18,000 buildings and killing a little over 300 people
some neighboring states such as Wisconsin helped to rebuild the city

McHugh, J. (2007). The Great Chicago Fire. Great Chicago Fire, 1-29.

Pre-Colonial Chicago

*Chicago was founded in 1833
*One of the earliest journal entries written about what would soon become Chicago was in 1688, by Henri Joutel, which talked about how much wild garlic grew in the area.
*In the mid 18th century, a Native American tribe called the "Potawatomi" lived in the Chicago area.
* Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable is considered the founder of Chicago. In the 1780's, he became the first permanent resident of Chicago. He was of African and European descent, and was the first black settler in that area. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/peopleevents/p_dusable.html
* The Native Americans were forced from their land, after the treaty of Chicago was signed in 1833.

Immigration

Immigration

Immigration in Chicago, Illinois has had inflicted tremendous strain on the cities school system.  The strain is due in large part to the influx of Hispanic immigrants in the last 15 years.  The Asian population has also immigrated to Chicago, but the impact of their enrollment into the school system has not effected the system the way the Hispanic population has.

Illinois is home to 777,000 minor children of immigrants, including 282,000 under age 6. Approximately 90.5% of all Illinois children of immigrants, and 95.4% of those under 6, were born in the US and are therefore citizens.*

-White 9.4%

-Black  39.3%

-Hispanic 45.6%

-Asian 3.6%






*Taken from the Illinois commission for Immigrant and Refugee Rights.

Issues with Poverty

2012

School to Prison Pipeline

"School-to-prison-pipeline" a phenomenon in which students are funneled into the criminal justice system for mere disciplinary violations 
Across the country, during the 2009-2010 academic year, upwards of three million students were suspended, nearly 110,000 were expelled, and more than 240,000 were referred to law enforcement. 
http://www.ed.gov/blog/tag/school-to-prison-pipeline/
Last year, 75 percent of the students arrested in Chicago's public schools were black. The study provides a total racial breakdown on arrests in 2012: That year, 3,240 black students were arrested, along with 889 Latinos, and 136 White students. 
http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2013/06/04/2096701/three-out-of-four-kids-in-chicagos-school-to-prison-pipeline-are-black/

http://www.modelsforchange.net/newsroom/419

* The 2000 census showed that the white population in Chicago was 1,215,285, and the African-American population was right behind them with 1,065,012. Asian was the next most popular, with 125,97.
* In 2000, more than 3/4 of Chicago's public school students were from low-income or poor families.
* In 2012, there was an eight day teacher's union strike.
* Strike in a south side Chicago school occurring. http://www.essence.com/2015/09/09/chicago-parents-and-activists-hunger-strike-dyett-high-school-closure. It's a hunger strike and so the protestors are only drinking water and juice.
* Black teachers in Chicago are being laid off more than their white and latino coworkers. http://www.ctunet.com/blog/black-teachers-hit-harder-by-cps-layoffs